Hello friends! Although optical drives are gradually losing their relevance as a storage medium for PCs, they continue to be used. Today I will tell you what types of optical disc drives exist and a little about their characteristics.

About the device of laser carriers

By design, all drives for working with laser discs are similar: the drive is inserted into a special tray and rotates there, thanks to the spindle drive. A special laser head, moving in various areas, reads the recorded information.

The data is encoded as follows: the carrier is coated with a layer of special material on which the recess can be burned out or left intact. The “groove” or “tubercle” is perceived by the computer as zero or one - however, like any other information.

The same principle was used for floppy disks, only one and zero were encoded by areas of magnetization or its absence.

The diameter of all optical drives is standardized at 120 mm. There are also mini-disks for which a special recess is provided on the drive tray.
The amount of information that a disc can hold depends on the thickness of the track on which it is recorded, that is, on the thickness of the writing laser, and is determined by the sensitivity of the material.

Today, three types of drives are used, which vary in capacity:

• CD - 700 Mb;
• DVD - up to 8.5 GB;
• Blu-ray - up to 50 GB.

The main types of drives

Drives are divided depending on what types of drives they are able to work with:

• CD-ROM - can only read CDs;
• CD-RW - already knows how to record them;
• DVD-ROM - reads the previous format, as well as DVD;
• DVD / CD-RW - a combined version that can read DVDs and burn CDs;
• DVD-RW - reads and writes both types of drives;
• DVD-RW DL is the same, but capable of burning dual-layer discs;
• BD-ROM - reads Blu-ray media
• BD-RE - also able to record.

Worth mentioning are HD DVDs and their respective drives. The standard was developed by Toshiba, together with NEC and Sanyo. Standard size drives accommodated up to 15 GB of data. In order to put an end to the “format war”, they refused to develop and support HD DVD in 2008.

Today, such drives and disks are a rarity, since they are almost never used anywhere else.

It is also problematic to get a workable CD drive - maybe the second-hand one. In connection with the loss of relevance format, do not bother - focus on DVD or Blu-ray.

External and internal

In addition, the drives are distinguished by form factors - they are built-in and external.
The internal device is mounted in a special 5.25-inch bay located on the front panel of the computer case. There are usually several such compartments.

You can install several different drives, but why? One workable one is enough. Moreover, today, in fact, it is not needed, as I described in more detail in the article "".

External devices usually have more compact dimensions. As is the case with many portable devices, designers are trying to bring some "zest", creating an attractive design for the buyer.

Functionally, they are no different - they are connected using the USB port. Installing drivers is usually not required. This option is convenient because the drive can be used with several computers simultaneously.

In the case of a netbook or compact laptop that does not have a built-in drive, an external drive is the only way to copy information from an optical drive.

Keep in mind that despite the presence of adapters and other “chips”, smartphones and tablets do not support such drives, as this is not provided for by their operating system.

You can find all types of drives, as well as other computer accessories at the most pleasant prices, in this wonderful online store. I also advise you to read the publications "" and how they are.

Thank you for your attention, friends, and see you in the next article! Do not forget the newsletter to keep abreast of updates.

Optical disc recovery

1. Research

1.1 Some moments of history

All the things that we use in everyday life have their own fascinating history. The usual optical disc appeared in 1958. For a long time, determining the development of optical information storage devices, such as CDs, DVDs and, more recently, Blu-ray discs. First, an optical disc was used for video recordings. Over time, the disc was invented, which began to be used as a medium for music files.

Despite the fact that the first CD format discs went on sale back in 1982, they are still used to record music files. To record movies, the DVD format is actively used.

1.2 Types of optical discs

On wheels Cd-r (they are also sometimes called "blanks") you can write down your information, but it will be impossible to erase or change it. If there is free space on the disk, and during recording you have enabled the option to add information, you can add files to the disk.

Disks Cd-rw support the deletion and rewriting of information, but not all drives will read such discs. Writing and reading disk information is carried out using a laser. The thickness of the CD is 1.2 mm, the diameter is 120 mm, the capacity is 650 or 700 MB (corresponding to 74 or 80 minutes of sound).

DVD discs allow you to store more information than CDs, thanks to the use of a laser with a shorter wavelength. The capacity of a standard-sized DVD (120 mm) can range from 4.7 GB to 17 GB, and the capacity of a mini DVD (80 mm) is 1.6 GB.

Depending on the capacity of the DVD, these types of discs are distinguished:

· DVD 5 - single-layer single-sided disk, capacity - 4.7 GB

· DVD-9 - double-layer single-sided disk, capacity - 8.5 GB

· DVD 10 - single-layer double-sided disk, capacity - 9.4 GB

· DVD-14 - double-sided disc, double-layer on one side and single-layer on the other, capacity - 13.24 GB

· DVD-18 - double-layer double-sided disk, capacity - 17.1 GB

If possible, record, overwrite and delete information DVD discs, like CDs, are divided into ROM, R and RW. But additionally distinguish these types of drives:

· DVD-R for general, DVD-R (G) - A once-recordable disc designed for home use.

· DVD-R for authoring, DVD-R (A) - once recordable disc for professional purposes.

· DVD-RW - rewritable disc. You can overwrite or erase information up to 1000 times. But you can’t erase some of the information, you can only erase the disk completely and completely overwrite it.

· DVD RAM use phase change technology. They can be rewritten up to 100,000 times, theoretical service life - up to 30 years. But they are expensive, they are produced mainly in special cartridges and are not supported by most drives and players.

· DVD + RW based on CD-RW technology and support overwriting information up to 1000 times. This format appeared later than DVD-RW.

DVD + R - A once-recordable disc similar to DVD-R.

HD DVDs (High Density DVDs) can have a capacity of up to 15 GB, and two-layer - up to 30 GB. Their main competitor is BD, Blu-ray Disc Holds between 23 and 66 GB depending on the number of layers. A prototype of a four-layer disc with a capacity of 100 GB has been announced, it is also planned to produce ten-layer discs with a volume of up to 320 GB.

.3 Optical disc device

By its structure, a CD-R disk resembles a layer cake, the “filling” of which consists of an active, reflective and protective layer, which are successively applied to a polycarbonate base - a plastic circle with a hole for fixing it on the spindle of the reading drive. At the same time, the base of a CD-R disc is no different from that used in casting technology for compact discs: the characteristics of the plastic should be such that the laser beam passing through it focuses properly and does not cause damage to the disc.

An active (or recording) layer is a layer on which, in fact, information is recorded, i.e. it is he who is exposed to a laser beam that “burns” pits encoding information (logical zeros and ones). In other words, during recording, the active layer under the influence of a laser beam changes its structure, and the subsequent irreversibility of changing the active layer - the essence is the reliability of information storage. One of the types of active layers that is widely used today is cyanine. Cyanine is the original type that the Orange Book standard refers to and is widely used.

1.4 Recordable discs (CD- Rw)

The difference between such discs from CD-R is the device of the recording layer. The intermediate layer of special organic material can be either in amorphous or in crystalline form. Amorphous substances tend to crystallize over time. No matter how we store the CD-RW, after a few years the recording will be irretrievably lost. Moreover, such discs can easily be erased by simple heating.

DVD structure

The principle of burning a DVD is not much different from the principle of burning a CD. The basis for recording and storing data on DVD-RAM and DVD-RW is the technology of changing the phase state of a substance. The layered structure of one half of the disk is shown in the figure.

DVD burning principle

The recording of amorphous regions is shown in this graph. A short high-power laser pulse melts the recording material. This is followed by cooling below the crystallization temperature. The result of cooling is the prevention of the formation of crystallization centers. Thus, the growth of the crystalline phase does not occur, and the substance remains in an amorphous state.

.5 Erasing withDVDdrive

To erase it is necessary to return the substance to a crystalline state. Again, with the help of a laser, the amorphous substance is heated to a temperature T. Heating (more precisely, annealing) continues for a time sufficient to restore the crystalline state of the substance. This time should be longer than the so-called crystallization time.

.6 Optical Disc Benefits

The advantages of optical disks include: relatively large volume, ease of use, prevalence, low cost, and resistance to magnetic influences.

1.7 Disadvantages of optical discs

The disadvantages perhaps include - not resistance to mechanical damage (scratches, ultraviolet, temperature ...).

1.8 Difficulties in the design of the device

The main device problems that need to be addressed are:

Choose suitable power electric motors

During friction, the plastic clogs the pores of the sponge, so to avoid this you need to moisten the sponge with water.

1.9 Alternative

The company Sanwa Supply will offer a very original in functionality innovation called CD-RE1AT.

This miracle of technology restores damaged optical discs, as it is capable of applying a special protective layer to their surface that fills scratches. Externally, the product weighs like a regular portable CD / DVD player with a hinged top cover, under which there are two seats for placing the two recovery and two cleaning heads included in the package. The cost of this drive recovery in Japan is about 50 euros. As for the sale of such devices in Kazakhstan, nothing is known.

2. The experimental part

.1 Calculations for the demo model

The principle of the device is smoothing scratches and cleaning the optical disc. I used two electric motors, one twisting disk, the second lapping, a sponge, DVD parts, a lower pulley, rubber cambric, goy paste, an empty disk can, rubber glue, solvent, a telephone power supply.

Sponge cut out in the form of a cylinder,

Goi paste dissolved in a solvent

I pasted the dried cylinder from the sponge soaked in the goy paste paste onto the lower pulley for mounting the disc.

The disk cover was cut out in the form of a disk, cutting out the upper part.

I screwed the electric motor from the edge by 3 centimeters and put on a pulley with a sponge on the rotor of the electric motor.

To the bottom of the box I screwed the second motor onto the rotor, which was put on by a thick rubber cambric so that the disc put on the finger rotated.

Since this is just a demo model, I used two 12-volt motors from the DVD, one twisting disk, the second lapping, engine speed (250 rpm) and power (0.1a).

Two electric motors connected in parallel to the power supply from the phone.

3. Scheme-drawing of the current device for disk recovery

.1 Manufacture and assembly of a disk cleaner

On the device frame I took a 15x15 corner

To rotate a disk

1. I took the electric motor from the breeze of the heater 220 (v) 0.7 (w)

2. Two pulleys from the tape recorder

Sleeve with bearings from the radio

Tape from the tape recorder.

Details from DVD for mounting the disk.

To clean the disc

6. The second electric motor I took from a screwdriver 12 (v) 2 (a).

7. The pulley from the tape recorder is small.

Paste GOI

Rubber glue,

Solvent

Power supply from a tape recorder.

.2 Practical model making

1) First cut corners on 15x15x300

2) An electric motor was welded to the corners for rotation of the disk, a pulley from the tape recorder was put on the rotor of the electric motor.

A pulley from a tape recorder was glued to a sleeve with bearings from the radio tape recorder, parts from the DVD were glued to the pulley for mounting the disk.

Holes for drilling the sleeve were drilled in metal platinum.

The plate was welded to the frame so that the strap was tensioned.

Check in business, mounting the disk and what speed the disk is gaining.

Holes were drilled in the plate for attaching the second electric motor to 12 (v) 2 (a), a pulley from the tape recorder was put on the rotor of the electric motor, and a sponge in the form of a cylinder soaked with goy paste was glued.

Corner welded vertically corners 15x15x150 2 pieces.

A plate was horizontally welded to the corners, and two holes for mounting the motor were drilled.

In the plate on which the electric motor is screwed, oval holes were cut to adjust on the surface of the dick, and to remove the electric motor to replace the sponge with the goy paste soaked in the mixture.

To give a look around the frame sheathed with plywood and painted.

9. The power supply was made of plywood, a 12 volt transformer with a diode bridge was screwed in a box inside. From the outside, two sockets are screwed onto one, 12 volts go out to the second 220 volts and a common switch to turn off - turn on the power.

Conclusion

Data recovery from an optical disk is a reality thanks to special programs. The fact is that the operating system, if it cannot correctly read information from some part of the disk, instantly interrupts copying and completely deletes the already copied part of the data. Special programs that use disk reading mechanisms and provide the ability to copy the necessary files help circumvent this function (they do not guarantee 100 percent recovery of all information from a damaged disk).

These programs read information from damaged disks by directly accessing them. At the same time, bypassing standard Windows OS tools. Utilities repeatedly try to read the damaged sector of the disk, and at the same time, when reading errors occur, they can continue to copy (or read) information, which makes it possible to "pull" the lost files from the disks in their original form. If some sectors are not readable, some programs simply replace them with zeros, which in turn leads to a defect in the file.

Recovering data from an optical disk is not a simple and time-consuming process, often taking a lot of time. In practice, not all files restored in this way will be suitable for use. For example, if a couple of paragraphs disappear in a text document, then this is much better than the entire text that you wrote for the whole month disappears.

With music and video, everything can also be quite decent - it’s unpleasant, of course, if at some point while listening to your favorite song or watching a video story you see strange squares on the screen, or you hear some strange sound, but again, this much better than losing your favorite materials at all.

To restore the physical part of the plane of the disk will help our device for cleaning optical disks.

List of references

optical disc laser recovery

1. http://strana-sovetov.com/computers - types of disks.

2.Http: //ergosolo.ru/reviews/gadgets/ - smart gadgets.

Http://www.datars.ru/recovery/optics-disc/ - disk recovery

A data carrier in the form of a plastic or aluminum disk intended for recording or (and) reproducing sound (CD), image (video disc), alphanumeric information, etc. using a laser beam. Recording density 108 ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

A disc containing digital data read using optical technology. [GOST 25868 91] Topics equipment. perifer. processing systems EN optical disk information ...

OPTICAL DISK, in computer technology, a compact storage device consisting of a disk on which information is recorded and read using a laser. The most common form is CD ROM. Audio CDs also represent ... ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

A data carrier in the form of a plastic disk designed to record and play sound (CD compact disc), image (video disc), alphanumeric information, multimedia (CD ROM, DVD), etc. using a laser beam. The first optical ... ... Encyclopedia of technology

A data carrier in the form of a disk made of transparent material (glass, plastic, etc.) with metallized metal. a layer on which rum using the method of digital optical recording formed microscopy, recesses (pits), forming together spiral or ring ... ... Big Encyclopedic Polytechnical Dictionary

A storage medium for recording or (and) reproducing information using focused laser radiation. It consists of a rigid (usually optically transparent) base on which a photosensitive or reflective layer is applied and ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

147 optical disk: A disk containing digital data read using optical technology Source: GOST 25868 91: Equipment peripheral for information processing systems. Terms and Definitions … Glossary of terms of normative and technical documentation

According to GOST 25868–91, “Equipment peripheral for information processing systems. Terms and definitions, "- a disk containing digital data read using optical technology ... Record keeping and archiving in terms and definitions

A storage medium for recording or (and) reproducing information using focused laser radiation. It consists of a rigid (usually optically transparent) base, a light-sensitive or reflective layer is applied to the ruy and ... ... Natural History. encyclopedic Dictionary

Blu Ray (BD) discs are the next generation of storage media for storing high definition video (HDTV) and high-density data. The Blu Ray standard was jointly developed by a group of companies producing consumer electronics and computer ... Technical Translator Reference

Books

• Kuzmenko Galina. The training manual presents the content side of the manifestation of the psychological and pedagogical skills of the trainer in the development of social and emotional intelligence in a system of significant qualities ...

A variety of data processing and storage tools have tightly entered our lives. Printed paper archives remained in the distant past. What are modern storage media?

Optical disc: creation history

The first device for storing audio recordings was made by Sony back in 1979. It was, as now, a plastic disk with a round hole in the center. Initially, it was used only for recording audio files, and information was applied to it using a special Pulse Code Modulation encoding method. It consists in the fact that text or sound passes through an analog-to-digital converter and turns into a set of bits.

Later, in 1982, the mass production of discs began in Germany. They began to buy them to store a variety of files. Soon they hit the shelves of not only music stores.

How is the CD arranged? To make the base, a 1.2 mm thick polycarbonate plate with a diameter of 120 mm is used, which is first coated with a thin layer of metal (gold, aluminum, silver, etc.), and then varnish. It is on the metal that information is applied in the form of pits (depressions) extruded along a spiral path. Reading files recorded on an optical disc occurs using a laser beam with a wavelength of 780 nm. It is reflected from the surface of the plate, changes the phase and intensity, getting on the pit. Lend is usually called the intervals between the pits. The pitch of one track located in a spiral is about 1.6 microns.

Types of Optical Discs

There are several types of Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), Blu-ray Disc (BD). All of them have different capacities for recording information. For example, DVDs are available in capacities from 4.3 to 15.9 GB, and CDs are only for up to 900 MB.

Disks are also distinguished by the frequency of recording: single and multiple. In such media, the relief structure of the pits is formed in different ways. Overwriting is possible thanks to organic material, which darkens under the action of a laser and changes the reflection coefficient. In colloquial terms, this process is called piercing.

Optical media may also vary in shape. Shaped CDs are commonly used in show business as custodians of audio and video files. They come in any shape (square, in the form of an airplane or a heart). It is not recommended to use them in CD-ROM drives because they can burst at high speeds.

CDs and their types

An optical disc CD-R is a read-only medium. You can write files to it only once without the right to add and edit it. Initially, the capacity of such discs reached only 650 MB or 74 minutes of audio recording. Now released devices that hold up to 900 MB of information. Their advantages are that reading supports all standard CDs.

The laser CD-RW also has the same amount of memory, only files can be written to it repeatedly (up to 1000 times). For this, standard computer programs are used. The downside is that not all devices are ready to work with this format. CD-RWs cost a bit more than CD-Rs.

Audio and video CDs do not have any degree of protection; they can be copied and played back. But media with certain data is protected from copying by StarForce technology.

ROM format discs are recorded at the factory and can only reproduce data. It is not possible to edit such media. But optical devices such as RAM can be rewritten up to 10 thousand times and they last up to 30 years. Such disks are produced in additional cartridges; their reading is not supported by conventional drives.

DVD media and their specifications

Digital Versatile Disc is a digital multi-purpose storage medium. Its structure is denser and holds a lot of information (up to 15 GB). Such an optical disc resembles two CDs glued together. Storage and reading of a large amount of information is possible thanks to the use of a red laser, which is 650 nm, and lenses with a maximum numerical aperture. DVDs have one or two recording sides, as well as one or two working layers on each side. These indicators determine their capacity.

As they are divided into several formats. DVD-R or DVD + R are media on which you can record information only once. The recording standard for such discs was developed by Pioneer in 1997. “Minus” and “plus” devices are distinguished by the material of the reflective layer and special marking.

Optical discs DVD RW (DVD + RW, DVD-RW) have the ability to re-record information. Moreover, the “positive” media allows you to make changes to the place of your choice. Universal drives help solve the problem of incompatible formats (+ RW and -RW).

What is Blu-ray Disc?

This type of optical disc allows you to store and record digital data with high density. To reproduce information (even high-definition video), a 405 nm blue laser beam is used, which narrows the helical path by half. Files that are very close to each other are susceptible to mechanical damage, so there must be special care for the drive. Recently, carriers have been produced with a special coating that can be wiped with a regular dry cloth.

There are Blu-ray discs disposable and reusable, as well as multi-layer (from 2 to 4 layers). The capacity of the "layered" media reaches 128 GB. At the same time, it has a standard 12-centimeter diameter. A dual-layer standard Blu-ray disc holds up to 50 GB of information. In development is a device that reaches a capacity of 300-400 GB, which modern drives can read. For camcorders, discs of smaller diameter (80 mm) with a memory capacity of up to 15 GB are used.

Blu-ray is equipped with ROM-Mark digital watermarks and Mandatory Managed Copy technology for copy protection.

Purpose of MiniDVD media

Mini DVD optical media is a small copy of a regular Digital Versatile Disc. It is 8 cm in diameter and is used in photo and video cameras. A single-sided disk holds up to 1.4 GB of information, respectively, a bilateral - 2.8 GB. In terms of format, they are MiniDVD-R (single record) and MiniDVD-RW (multiple record).

The standard 12 cm drive is not designed to read Mini DVD. When using such discs in a laptop, the drive motor spindle should be used. Sometimes there are problems with reading. Typically, in such cases, the computer displays the message "the driver for the optical disc drive was not found." To solve the problem, you should contact an experienced programmer.

Optical disc

Optical disc

a data carrier in the form of a plastic disk designed for recording and reproducing sound (CD-ROM), images (video disc), alphanumeric information (CD-ROM, DVD), etc. using a laser beam. The first optical discs appeared in 1979. Philips created them for recording and reproducing sound. The optical disk consists of a rigid, optically transparent base, on which a thin working layer and an additional protective layer are applied. Thanks to the optical reading method, optical discs are much more durable than gramophone records. The diameter of the standard CD is 120 mm (4.5 inches), the thickness is 1.2 mm, the diameter of the center hole is 15 mm. CD-ROMs are made of very durable transparent plastic - polycarbonate or polyvinyl chloride. A label is placed on one side of the disc, and the other side has a mirror surface, iridescent with rainbow colors. This is a recording zone, the spiral path of which consists of pits - recesses of various lengths. The distance between two adjacent tracks of the spiral is 1.6 μm, i.e., the recording density is 100 times greater than the usual record. The pit width is 0.6–0.8 μm, and their length is variable. It reflects the length of the “1” sequences of the recorded digital signal and can vary from 0.9 to 3.3 μm. Information in the form of pits is protected from mechanical damage on the one hand by the transparent material of the disk, and on the other - by a layer of plastic and a label. Compared with mechanical recording, it has several advantages: a very high recording density and the complete absence of mechanical contact between the medium and the reader during recording and playback. Music CDs are recorded at the factory. Like phonograph records, you can only listen to them. Using a laser beam, the signals are recorded on a rotating optical disc with a digital code. As a result of recording on a disc, a spiral path is formed, consisting of miniature recesses and smooth sections. In playback mode, the laser beam focused on the track moves along the surface of the rotating optical disc and reads the recorded information. In this case, the depressions are read as units, and the sections that reflect the light exactly as zeros.

Contactless reading of information from a CD is carried out using an optical head or a laser pickup. The optical head consists of a semiconductor laser, an optical system and a photodetector that converts light into electrical. The reading laser beam focuses on a spiral path with pits located deep in the disk. The head never comes in contact with the disk - it is always at a strictly defined distance from it, ensuring that the track from the pits is in the focus of the optical system.

Multimedia technology allows you to combine text and graphics with sound and moving images on a personal computer. As media in such multimedia computers, optical CD-ROMs (Compact Disk Read Only Memory - that is, memory on a read-only CD) are used. Externally, they are no different from audio CDs used in players and music centers.

The capacity of one CD-ROM reaches 650 MB, in terms of capacity it occupies an intermediate position between floppy disks and a hard magnetic disk (hard drive). A CD drive is used to read CDs. Information is recorded on a CD-ROM only once in an industrial environment, and on a personal computer it can only be read. A variety of games, encyclopedias, art albums, maps, atlases, dictionaries and reference books are published on CD-ROM. All of them are equipped with convenient search engines that allow you to quickly find the right material. The memory capacity of two CD-ROMs is enough to accommodate an encyclopedia that exceeds the Great Soviet Encyclopedia in volume.

Information optical CD-ROMs are designed for single (so-called. CD-R) and multiple (so-called. CD-RW) recording of information on a personal computer equipped with a special drive. This makes it possible, like a tape recorder, to record on them at home. On CD-R discs, you can record only once, and on CD-RW many times, like on a magnetic disk or tape, you can erase the previous record and make a new one in its place.

1 - compact_disk; 2 - translucent coating that protects the information printed on the CD from damage; 3 - reflective coating (actual recording medium); 4 - a protective layer; 5 - focusing; 6 - a laser beam; 7 - optical splitter; 8 - photodetector; nine - ; 10 - electric motor rotating disk

Existing CDs are being replaced by a new standard for storage media - DVD (Digital Versatile Disc or General-Purpose Digital Disc). In appearance, they are no different from CDs. Their geometric dimensions are the same. The main difference between a DVD-ROM is dozens of times higher information recording density. This is achieved due to the shorter laser wavelength and smaller spot size of the focused beam, which made it possible to halve the distance between the tracks. The DVD standard is defined in such a way that future models of readers will be developed taking into account the ability to play all previous generations of CDs, that is, in compliance with the principle of “backward compatibility”. In 1995, Philips developed CD technology for re-recording. The DVD standard can significantly increase the time and improve the quality of video playback compared to existing CD-ROM. DVD drives are advanced CD-ROM drives.

Encyclopedia "Technique". - M .: Rosman. 2006 .

See what an "optical disk" is in other dictionaries:

A data carrier in the form of a plastic or aluminum disk intended for recording or (and) reproducing sound (CD), image (video disc), alphanumeric information, etc. using a laser beam. Recording density 108 ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

optical disk - A disc containing digital data read using optical technology. [GOST 25868 91] Topics equipment. perifer. processing systems EN optical disk information ...

OPTICAL DISK, in computer technology, a compact storage device consisting of a disk on which information is recorded and read using a laser. The most common form is CD ROM. Audio CDs also represent ... ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

Working with optical discs Optical disc Image of an optical disc, ISO image Emulator of optical drives Software for working with file systems of optical discs Recording technologies Recording modes Packet recording Types ... ... Wikipedia

A data carrier in the form of a disk made of transparent material (glass, plastic, etc.) with metallized metal. a layer on which rum using the method of digital optical recording formed microscopy, recesses (pits), forming together spiral or ring ... ... Big Encyclopedic Polytechnical Dictionary

A storage medium for recording or (and) reproducing information using focused laser radiation. It consists of a rigid (usually optically transparent) base on which a photosensitive or reflective layer is applied and ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

optical disk - 147 optical disk: A disk containing digital data read by optical technology Source: GOST 25868 91: Equipment peripheral for information processing systems. Terms and Definitions … Glossary of terms of normative and technical documentation

OPTICAL DISC - according to GOST 25868–91, “Equipment peripheral for information processing systems. Terms and definitions, "- a disk containing digital data read using optical technology ... Record keeping and archiving in terms and definitions

A storage medium for recording or (and) reproducing information using focused laser radiation. It consists of a rigid (usually optically transparent) base, a light-sensitive or reflective layer is applied to the ruy and ... ... Natural History. encyclopedic Dictionary

blue laser optical disc - Blu ray discs (BD) are the next generation of storage media for storing high definition video (HDTV) and high-density data. The Blu Ray standard was jointly developed by a group of companies producing consumer electronics and computer ... Technical Translator Reference

Books

• Methods for the development of social, emotional and practical intelligence of a young athlete + CD, Kuzmenko Galina. The training manual presents the content side of the manifestation of the psychological and pedagogical skills of the trainer in the development of social and emotional intelligence in a system of significant qualities ...